• Optimize stress conditions to obtain the highest possible yields of lipids in the cells because stress conditions can induce spontaneous mutation in cultivated strains.
• Simplify harvesting systems to utilize the separation technologies in existing industry such as food, biopharmaceutical, chemical and waste water treatment sectors.
• Utilize existing biodiesel production processes that requires a lipid material free of both water and free fatty acids
• Develop water tolerant downstream processes to avoid cost intensive drying
Monday, April 25, 2011
Thursday, April 21, 2011
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Algae oil content of some microorganisms
Microorganisms | Oil content (% dry wt) |
Botryococcus braunii | 25–75 |
Cylindrotheca sp. | 16–37 |
Nitzschia sp. | 45–47 |
Schizochytrium sp. | 50–77 |
Monday, April 4, 2011
Bioconversions of lignocellulosic biomass: the points we cannot overlook
Pretreatment
• If you pretreat biomass at alkaline conditions, be sure to separate lignin before neutralization. Otherwise, the solublized lignin will be precipitated or re-deposited when pH drops.
• If you pretreat biomass at acidic conditions, be sure the temperature does not exceed 165 C. Otherwise, the lignin will condense and re-distribute through cell wall and become gel coat on the surface of pretreated fiber
• If you pretreat biomass with organosolvents, make sure to recycle/re-use the solvents.
Post-pretreatment
• If run detoxification, make sure the methods to be used with fundamental mechanisms. It is cheap and scalable.
• Recover by-products and easily and economically deal with the chemicals if any.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
• Know what biomass you are using and their sugar composition. Woody and non-woody biomass has different chemical (especially lignin and hemicelluloses) composition.
• Know the pretreatment methods you used. The modification of cell wall structure and chemical composition differ under different thermochemical pretreatments.
• Know what substrate the enzyme cocktail development has been based on. Alkaline and acidic pretreated biomass will end up different cocktail characteristics. The enzyme cocktail may need to be customized in terms of the specific pretreated biomass.
Process
• Avoid or reduce unit operations as much as possible
• Be as simple as possible for process configuration
• Use high solids if possible
Fermentation
• Use cheap nutrients if possible
• Ferment C6 and C5 sugars if possible
• If you pretreat biomass at alkaline conditions, be sure to separate lignin before neutralization. Otherwise, the solublized lignin will be precipitated or re-deposited when pH drops.
• If you pretreat biomass at acidic conditions, be sure the temperature does not exceed 165 C. Otherwise, the lignin will condense and re-distribute through cell wall and become gel coat on the surface of pretreated fiber
• If you pretreat biomass with organosolvents, make sure to recycle/re-use the solvents.
Post-pretreatment
• If run detoxification, make sure the methods to be used with fundamental mechanisms. It is cheap and scalable.
• Recover by-products and easily and economically deal with the chemicals if any.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
• Know what biomass you are using and their sugar composition. Woody and non-woody biomass has different chemical (especially lignin and hemicelluloses) composition.
• Know the pretreatment methods you used. The modification of cell wall structure and chemical composition differ under different thermochemical pretreatments.
• Know what substrate the enzyme cocktail development has been based on. Alkaline and acidic pretreated biomass will end up different cocktail characteristics. The enzyme cocktail may need to be customized in terms of the specific pretreated biomass.
Process
• Avoid or reduce unit operations as much as possible
• Be as simple as possible for process configuration
• Use high solids if possible
Fermentation
• Use cheap nutrients if possible
• Ferment C6 and C5 sugars if possible
Friday, April 1, 2011
Fatty acid composition of microalgal oil
Fatty acid | Chain length: no. of double bonds | Oil composition (w/total lipid) |
Palmitic acid | 16:00 | 12–21 |
Palmitoleic acid | 16:01 | 55–57 |
Stearic acid | 18:00 | 1–2 |
Oleic acid | 18:01 | 58–60 |
Linoleic acid | 18:02 | 4–20 |
Linolenic acid | 18:03 | 14–30 |
(Meng et al., 2009).
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