Membrane operational modes

Based on operational models, membrane can be devided into two type:

1. Dead-end: The fluid flows at right angle to the membrane

-Deposited particles form “Cake Layer”
-Suitable for more concentrated Suspension

-Need more frequent cleaning

2. Cross-flow: The fluid runs parallel to the membrane

-High shear force near the membrane surface
-Minimize cake formation
-Recycle feed stream
-Require more energy
-Stable flux