1. Detoxification
Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes can be use to concentrate sugar and remove toxic compounds such as acetic acids, and sugar degraded products in the hydrolyzate.
2. Downstream processing and purification
Microfiltration (MF) can be used to remove particls (proteins etc) from fermented broth.
3. Desalination
ElectroDialysis (ED) can be used to remove inorganic salts
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